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␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u1


␈↓ α∧␈↓                     Biography of John McCarthy


␈↓ α∧␈↓BORN:  September 4, 1927 in Boston, Massachusetts

␈↓ α∧␈↓EDUCATION:
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTB.S.  (Mathematics) California Institute of Technology, 1948
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTPh.D. (Mathematics) Princeton University, 1951

␈↓ α∧␈↓HONORS AND SOCIETIES:
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAmerican Society for the Advancement of Science
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAmerican Mathematical Society
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAssociation for Computing Machinery
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTIEEE
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTSigma Xi
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTSloan Fellow in Physical Science, 1957-59
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTACM National Lecturer, 1961
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTA.M. Turing Award from Association for Computing Machinery, 1971
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTEditorial Board, Artificial Intelligence Journal, 1975 - present
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAcademic Advisor, National Legal Center for Public Information, 1976 - present
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTBoard of Directors, Information International, Inc.
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTSigma Xi National Lecturer, 1977

␈↓ α∧␈↓PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTProctor Fellow, Princeton University, 1950-51
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTHiggins Research Instructor in Mathematics,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Princeton University, 1951-53
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTActing Assistant Professor of Mathematics,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Stanford University, Sept. 1953 - Jan. 1955
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAssistant Professor of Mathematics, Dartmouth
␈↓ α∧␈↓                College, Feb. 1955 - June 1958
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAssistant Professor of Communication Science,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                M.I.T., 1958 - 1961
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTAssociate Professor of Communication Science,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                M.I.T., 1961 - 1962
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTProfessor of Computer Science
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Stanford University, 1962 - present
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTDirector, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Stanford University, 1965 - present

␈↓ α∧␈↓PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND SCIENTIFIC INTERESTS:
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTWith Marvin Minsky organized and directed the Artificial
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Intelligence Project at M.I.T.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTOrganized and directs Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ αTDeveloped the LISP programming system for computing with
␈↓ α∧␈↓                symbolic expressions, participated in the development
␈↓ α∧␈↓                of the ALGOL 58 and the ALGOL 60 languages.  Present
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u2


␈↓ α∧␈↓                scientific work is in the fields of Artificial
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Intelligence, Computation with Symbolic Expressions,
␈↓ α∧␈↓                Mathematical Theory of Computation, Time-Sharing computer
␈↓ α∧␈↓                systems.





␈↓ α∧␈↓α␈↓ ε0Publications

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊃J.␈α⊃(1951)␈↓:␈α⊂"Projection␈α⊃Operators␈α⊃and␈α⊂Partial␈α⊃Differential␈α⊃Equations"␈α⊃Ph.D.␈α⊂ Thesis,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Princeton University.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α≤J.␈α≥(1952)␈↓:␈α≤"A␈α≤Method␈α≥for␈α≤the␈α≤Calculation␈α≥of␈α≤Limit␈α≤Cycles␈α≥by␈α≤Successive
␈↓ α∧␈↓Approximation"␈α↔in␈α↔Contributions␈α↔to␈α↔the␈α↔Theory␈α↔of␈α↔Nonlinear␈α↔Oscillations␈α↔II,␈α↔Annals␈α↔of
␈↓ α∧␈↓Mathematics Study No. 29, Princeton University, pp. 75-79.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∂J.␈α∂(1953)␈↓:␈α∂"An␈α∂Everywhere␈α∂Continuous␈α∂Nowhere␈α∂Differentiable␈α∂Function,"␈α∞American
␈↓ α∧␈↓Mathematical Monthly, December 1953, p. 709.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy, J. (1954)␈↓: "A Nuclear Reactor for Rockets" Jet Propulsion, January 1954.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊂J.␈α⊃(1955)␈↓:␈α⊂"The␈α⊃Stability␈α⊂of␈α⊂Invariant␈α⊃Manifolds"␈α⊂Applied␈α⊃Mathematics␈α⊂Laboratory
␈↓ α∧␈↓Technical Report No. 36, Stanford University, 25 pp.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊂J.␈α⊂(1956)␈↓:␈α∂"The␈α⊂Inversion␈α⊂of␈α∂Functions␈α⊂Defined␈α⊂by␈α∂Turing␈α⊂Machines,"␈α⊂in␈α∂␈↓↓Automata
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Studies, Annals of Mathematical Study No. 34,␈↓ Princeton, pp. 177-181.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
J.␈α(1956)␈↓:␈α
"Aggregation␈α
in␈αthe␈α
Open␈αLeontief␈α
Model,"␈α
in␈αProgress␈α
Report␈αof␈α
Dartmouth
␈↓ α∧␈↓Mathematics Project.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∩J.␈α⊃(1956)␈↓:␈α∩"Measures␈α⊃of␈α∩the␈α∩Value␈α⊃of␈α∩Information,"␈α⊃National␈α∩Academy␈α∩of␈α⊃Science,
␈↓ α∧␈↓September 1956.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊂J.␈α⊂(1956)␈↓:␈α⊃Co-editor␈α⊂with␈α⊂Dr.␈α⊃Claude␈α⊂E.␈α⊂Shannon␈α⊃of␈α⊂Automata␈α⊂Studies,␈α⊃Annals␈α⊂of
␈↓ α∧␈↓Mathematics Study No. 34.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊂J.␈α⊂(1960)␈↓:␈α⊂"Recursive␈α⊂Functions␈α⊂of␈α⊂Symbolic␈α⊂Expressions␈α⊂and␈α⊂their␈α⊂Computation␈α∂by
␈↓ α∧␈↓Machine," Comm. ACM, April 1960.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJ.␈α(1960)␈↓:␈α"Programs␈αwith␈αCommon␈αSense,"␈αProceedings␈αof␈αthe␈αTeddington␈αConference
␈↓ α∧␈↓on the Mechanization of Thought Processes H.M. Stationery Office, 1960.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJ.␈α(with␈α12␈αothers)␈α(1960)␈↓␈α"ALGOL␈α60",␈αNumerische␈αMathematik,␈αMarch␈α1960,␈αalso␈αin
␈↓ α∧␈↓Comm. ACM May 1960 and Jan. 1963.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∂J.␈α∞(1961)␈↓:␈α∂"A␈α∞Basis␈α∂for␈α∞Mathematical␈α∂Theory␈α∞of␈α∂Computation,"␈α∞Proc.␈α∂ Western␈α∞Joint
␈↓ α∧␈↓Computer Conf., May 1961, pp. 225-238.
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u3


␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
J.␈α∞(1962)␈↓:␈α
"Time-Sharing␈α
Computing␈α∞Systems,"␈α
in␈α
Management␈α∞and␈α
the␈α∞Computer␈α
of
␈↓ α∧␈↓the Future (Greenberger, ed.), MIT Press.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∃J.␈α∀(with␈α∃Abrahams,␈α∃Edward,␈α∀Hart,␈α∃and␈α∃Levin)␈α∀(1962)␈↓:␈α∃␈↓↓LISP␈α∃1.5␈α∀Programmer's
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Manual, ␈↓MIT Computation Center, Cambridge, Mass.,

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJ.␈α(1962)␈↓:␈α
"Computer␈αPrograms␈αfor␈αChecking␈α
Mathematical␈αProofs,"␈αAmer.␈α
Math.␈αSoc.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Proc. Symposia in Pure Math., Vol. 5.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJ.␈α(1963)␈↓:␈α"Towards␈αa␈αMathematical␈αTheory␈αof␈αComputation,"␈αin␈αProc.␈α IFIP␈αCongress
␈↓ α∧␈↓62, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊃J.␈α⊃(1963)␈↓:␈α⊃"A␈α⊃Basis␈α⊃for␈α⊃a␈α⊃Mathematical␈α⊃Theory␈α⊃of␈α⊃Computation,"␈α⊃of␈α⊃Braffort␈α⊃and
␈↓ α∧␈↓Hirschberg␈α
(eds.),␈α
Computer␈αProgramming␈α
and␈α
Formal␈αSystems,␈α
North-Holland,␈α
Amsterdam,␈αpp.
␈↓ α∧␈↓33-70.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∞J.␈α∞(1963)␈↓:␈α∞"A␈α
Time-Sharing␈α∞Debugging␈α∞System␈α∞for␈α
a␈α∞Small␈α∞Computer,"␈α∞(with␈α
Boilen,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Fredkin␈αand␈αLicklider),␈αProc.␈αAFIPS␈α1963␈αSpring␈αJoint␈αComputer␈αConf.,␈αSparten␈αBooks,␈αDetroit,
␈↓ α∧␈↓pp. 51-57.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α↔J.␈α_(1963)␈↓:␈α↔"The␈α_Linking␈α↔Segment␈α↔Subprogram␈α_Language␈α↔and␈α_Linking␈α↔Loader
␈↓ α∧␈↓Programming Languages," Comm. ACM, July 1963.  (with F. Corbato and M. Daggett),

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∩J.␈α∩(1965)␈↓:␈α∩"Problems␈α∩in␈α∩the␈α∩Theory␈α∩of␈α∩Computation,"␈α∩in␈α∩Proc.␈α∩IFIP␈α∩Congress␈α∩65,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Spartan, Washington, D.C..

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJ.␈α (1966)␈↓:␈α"A␈αFormal␈αDescription␈αof␈αa␈αSubset␈αof␈αAlgol,"␈αFormal␈αLanguage␈αDescription
␈↓ α∧␈↓Languages␈α~for␈α~Computer␈α~Programming,␈α~T.B.␈α~Steel,␈α~Jr.␈α~(ed.),␈α~North-Holland␈α≠Publ.␈α~Co.,
␈↓ α∧␈↓Amsterdam, pp. 1-12.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∂J.␈α∂(1968␈↓:␈α∂"Time-Sharing␈α∂Computer␈α∂Systems,"␈α∂in␈α∂Conversational␈α⊂Computers,␈α∂William
␈↓ α∧␈↓Orr (ed), Wiley Publishing Company.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy, J. (1966)␈↓: "Information," Scientific American, Vol. 215.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊃J.␈α⊃(1967)␈↓:␈α∩"THOR␈α⊃-␈α⊃A␈α∩Display␈α⊃Based␈α⊃Time-Sharing␈α∩System,"␈α⊃(with␈α⊃D.␈α∩Brian,␈α⊃G.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Feldman, and J. Allen) AFIPS Conf. Proc., Vol. 30, (FJCC) Thompson, Washington, D.C..

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∃J.␈α∃(1967)␈↓:␈α∃"Computer␈α∀Control␈α∃of␈α∃a␈α∃Hand␈α∀and␈α∃Eye,"␈α∃in␈α∃Proc.␈α∃Third␈α∀All-Union
␈↓ α∧␈↓Conference on Automatic Control (Technical Cybernetics), Nauka, Moscow, (Russian).

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
J.␈α
(1968)␈↓:␈α
"Programs␈α
with␈α
Common␈α
Sense,"␈α
in␈α
M.␈α
Minsky␈α
(ed.),␈α
Semantic␈α
Information
␈↓ α∧␈↓Processing, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
J.␈α∞(1968)␈↓:␈α
"A␈α∞Computer␈α
with␈α∞Hands,␈α
Eyes,␈α∞and␈α
Ears,"␈α∞(with␈α
L.␈α∞Earnest,␈α
D.␈α∞Reddy,␈α
P.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Vicens) Proc. AFIPS Conf. (FJCC).

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJ.␈α
(1969)␈↓:␈α"Some␈αPhilosophical␈α
Problems␈αfrom␈αthe␈α
Standpoint␈αof␈αArtificial␈α
Intelligence,"
␈↓ α∧␈↓(with P. Hayes), in D. Michie (ed), Machine Intelligence 4, American Elsevier, New York, NY.
␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓ u4


␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊃J.␈α⊂(1972)␈↓:␈α⊃"The␈α⊂Home␈α⊃Information␈α⊂Terminal,"␈α⊃Man␈α⊂and␈α⊃Computer,␈α⊃in␈α⊂Proceedings
␈↓ α∧␈↓International Conference, Bordeaux 1970, S. Karger, N.Y.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJ.␈α(1973)␈↓:␈α"Mechanical␈αServants␈αfor␈αMankind,"␈αin␈αBritannica␈αYearbook␈αof␈αScience␈αand
␈↓ α∧␈↓the Future.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∩J.␈α∩(1974)␈↓:␈α∩Book␈α∩Review:␈α∩"Artificial␈α∩Intelligence:␈α∩A␈α∩General␈α∩Survey"␈α∩by␈α∩Sir␈α∩James
␈↓ α∧␈↓Lighthill, in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 5, No. 3.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊂J.␈α⊂(1974)␈↓:␈α⊂"Modeling␈α⊃Our␈α⊂Minds"␈α⊂in␈α⊂Science␈α⊃Year␈α⊂1975,␈α⊂The␈α⊂World␈α⊃Book␈α⊂Science
␈↓ α∧␈↓Annual, Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, Chicago, ILL.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α⊃J.␈α⊂(1976)␈↓:␈α⊃"The␈α⊃Home␈α⊂Information␈α⊃Terminal,"␈α⊂invited␈α⊃presentation,␈α⊃AAAS␈α⊂Annual
␈↓ α∧␈↓Meeting, Feb. 18-24, 1976, Boston.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∃J.␈α∀(1976)␈↓:␈α∃"An␈α∀Unreasonable␈α∃Book,"␈α∀a␈α∃review␈α∀of␈α∃COMPUTER␈α∃POWER␈α∀AND
␈↓ α∧␈↓HUMAN␈α∞REASON,␈α∞by␈α∞Joseph␈α∞Weizenbaum␈α∞(W.H.␈α∞Freeman␈α∞and␈α∞Co.,␈α∞San␈α∞Francisco,␈α∞1976)␈α∞in
␈↓ α∧␈↓SIGART␈α∂Newsletter␈α∂58,␈α∂June␈α∂1976,␈α⊂also␈α∂in␈α∂Creative␈α∂Computing,␈α∂Chestnut␈α⊂Hill,␈α∂Massachusetts,
␈↓ α∧␈↓1976␈α∪and␈α∀in␈α∪"Three␈α∀Reviews␈α∪of␈α∀J.␈α∪Weizenbaum's␈α∀COMPUTER␈α∪POWER␈α∀AND␈α∪HUMAN
␈↓ α∧␈↓REASON,␈α∩(with␈α∩B.␈α⊃Buchanan␈α∩and␈α∩J.␈α⊃Lederberg),␈α∩Stanford␈α∩Artificial␈α∩Intelligence␈α⊃Laboratory
␈↓ α∧␈↓Memo 291, Computer Science Department, Stanford, CA.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∩J.␈α∩(1977)␈↓:␈α∩Review:␈α∩COMPUTER␈α∩POWER␈α∩AND␈α∩HUMAN␈α∩REASON,␈α∩by␈α∩Joseph
␈↓ α∧␈↓Weizenbaum (W.H.  Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1976) in Physics Today.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy, J. (1977)␈↓: "The Home Information Terminal" to appear in The Grolier Encyclopedia.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α
J.␈α∞(1977)␈↓:␈α
"On␈α
The␈α∞Model␈α
Theory␈α
of␈α∞Knowledge"␈α
(with␈α
M.␈α∞Sato,␈α
S.␈α
Igarashi,␈α∞and␈α
T.
␈↓ α∧␈↓Hayashi),␈α∀Proceedings␈α∪of␈α∀the␈α∪Fifth␈α∀International␈α∪Joint␈α∀Conference␈α∪on␈α∀Artificial␈α∪Intelligence,
␈↓ α∧␈↓M.I.T., Cambridge.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy, J. (1977)␈↓: "Another SAMEFRINGE", in SIGART Newsletter No. 61, February 1977.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈αJ.␈α(1977)␈↓:␈α"Epistemological␈αProblems␈αof␈αArtificial␈αIntelligence",␈αProceedings␈αof␈αthe␈α
Fifth
␈↓ α∧␈↓International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∃J.␈α∃(1979)␈↓:␈α∃"Ascribing␈α∃Mental␈α∃Qualities␈α∃to␈α∃Machines"␈α∃to␈α∃appear␈α∃in␈α∀␈↓↓Philosophical
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence␈↓, Martin Ringle, ed., Harvester Press, July 1979.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αMcCarthy,␈α∪John␈α∩(1979)␈↓:␈α∪"First␈α∩Order␈α∪Theories␈α∩of␈α∪Individual␈α∩Concepts␈α∪and␈α∪Propositions",␈α∩in
␈↓ α∧␈↓Michie, Donald (ed.) ␈↓↓Machine Intelligence 9␈↓, Scotland.

␈↓ α∧␈↓␈↓αCartwright,␈α⊃Robert␈α⊂and␈α⊃John␈α⊂McCarthy␈α⊃(1979)␈↓:␈α⊃"Recursive␈α⊂Programs␈α⊃as␈α⊂Functions␈α⊃in␈α⊃a␈α⊂First
␈↓ α∧␈↓Order␈α∀Theory",␈α∃in␈α∀␈↓↓Proceedings␈α∃of␈α∀the␈α∃International␈α∀Conference␈α∃on␈α∀Mathematical␈α∃Studies␈α∀of
␈↓ α∧␈↓↓Information Processing␈↓, Kyoto, Japan.